What is Affray?

Affray is a public order offence, which can result in a maximum sentence of 3 years imprisonment. Affray is less common than other assault charges and there can be confusion over what exactly the charge refers to. This article will help to explain what an affray charge is and how it differs from similar offences.

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What is affray?

Affray is a public order offence, defined under Section 3 of the Public Order Act 1986 referring to a ‘breach of the peace’ due to disorderly conduct.

To put it simply, affray refers to a disturbance involving violence or the threat of violence, to the extent of which another person of ‘reasonable firmness’ (referring to the average person) present at the scene would fear for their safety.

While the offence may seem complicated or unusual, affray aims to protect not only protect those involved in a violent incident, but also others present at the scene.

Affray cannot be solely committed verbally, therefore at the very least, there must be a physical gesture. Generally, affray charges relate to offences committed in a public place. However, offences can also take place in private, for example within a home.

Some examples of affray

What is the difference between affray and other assault charges?

How serious is an affray charge?

Affray is a serious offence.

A conviction of affray can also have significant consequences beyond court-imposed penalties. Due to the violent and serious nature of the offence, a conviction may severely impact an individual’s reputation and employability.

What to do if you’re accused of affray?

If you are facing an affray charge, it is important to seek legal advice as soon as possible. An experienced lawyer will be able to advise you on the best course of action and help you build a defence against the charge.

Common Defences

There are several potential defences for an affray charge, depending on the circumstances. These include:

• If you were acting in self-defence or in defence of another person, you may be able to argue that your actions were justified.
• To qualify as affray, the disturbance must have been intentional or reckless. Therefore, f you can prove that your actions were accidental or unintentional, you may be able to avoid a conviction.
• In order to convict someone of affray, the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the individual committed the offence. Therefore, insufficient evidence may lead to the case being dropped.

Affray sentencing guidelines.

Sentences can range from a fine to up to 3 years imprisonment and are dependent on a variety of factors. Offences are determined based on a combination of culpability and harm:

Culpability

A: Targeting of an individual or individuals by a group, use of weapon to inflict violence, of serious or sustained violence, intention to cause fear by threat of serious violence.

B: Threat of violence with a weapon (the offender does not need to produce a weapon), otherwise behaviour falling between A and C.

C: Inflicting or threatening minimal violence, acting in self-defence/due to fear of violence.

Harm

Category 1: Serious physical injury. Or serious fear caused to others.

Category 2: Harm falling between category 1 and 3.

Category 3: Little or no physical injury caused. Or some fear caused.

There are some other factors that will be taken into account during sentencing:

Potentially aggravating factors

• Number of people affected
• Whether the incident was prolonged
• Prior convictions
• Threats/violence directed at public servants or service animals
• High level of involvement if incident involved a group

Potentially mitigating factors

• Remorse
• Mental disorder or learning disability
• Evidence of steps taken to initially defuse the situation
• Low level of involvement if incident involved a group

Notable cases.